Aortic valve stenosis is a serious heart condition that affects blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR), also known as Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI), is an advanced, minimally invasive procedure that provides an effective alternative to open-heart surgery. This guide will help patients understand the benefits, procedure, risks, and recovery process of TAVR/TAVI.
What is Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR/TAVI)?
TAVR/TAVI is a revolutionary heart procedure designed to replace a diseased aortic valve without the need for open-heart surgery. It is commonly used for patients with severe aortic stenosis who are at intermediate or high risk for traditional surgery.
Who Needs TAVR/TAVI?
This procedure is recommended for patients with:
- Severe aortic stenosis causing symptoms like chest pain, breathlessness, or fainting
- High surgical risk due to age or other health conditions
- Previous heart surgery, making open-heart surgery riskier
- Reduced heart function impacting overall health
Benefits of TAVR/TAVI Over Open-Heart Surgery
- Minimally Invasive: Small incisions mean less trauma and faster recovery
- Shorter Hospital Stay: Most patients are discharged within a few days
- Quicker Recovery: Many resume normal activities within a week
- Reduced Risk of Complications: Lower chances of infection and bleeding compared to traditional surgery
How is TAVR/TAVI Performed?
- Preparation: Patients undergo imaging tests like echocardiograms and CT scans to assess the heart and valve condition.
- Procedure: A catheter is inserted through the femoral artery (in the leg) or a small chest incision. The new valve is guided to the heart and positioned within the diseased valve.
- Valve Deployment: The new valve expands, pushing the old valve aside and restoring normal blood flow.
- Completion: The catheter is removed, and the patient is monitored in the hospital for a short recovery period.
Recovery After TAVR/TAVI
- Hospital Stay: Most patients stay for 2–5 days
- Activity Resumption: Light activities can be resumed within a few days, and normal routines within a few weeks
- Follow-up Appointments: Regular check-ups ensure proper valve function and overall heart health
Risks and Potential Complications
While TAVR/TAVI is a safe procedure, some risks include:
- Bleeding or vascular complications
- Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
- Stroke (rare but possible)
- Need for a pacemaker in some cases
- Valve leakage (paravalvular regurgitation)
Lifestyle Changes After TAVR/TAVI
To ensure long-term heart health, patients should:
- Maintain a heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
- Exercise regularly as advised by their doctor
- Manage blood pressure and cholesterol levels
- Quit smoking and limit alcohol intake
- Take prescribed medications regularly
TAVR/TAVI is a life-changing procedure for patients suffering from severe aortic stenosis, offering a safer and quicker recovery than traditional open-heart surgery. If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of aortic valve disease, consult a cardiologist to determine if TAVR/TAVI is the right option.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
How long does the TAVR procedure take?
It usually takes 1–2 hours.
Will I be awake during the procedure?
Most patients receive light sedation or general anesthesia.
How long does a TAVR valve last?
The valve can last 10–15 years or more.
Is TAVR covered by insurance?
Many insurance plans, including Medicare, cover TAVR for eligible patients.
Can I return to normal activities after TAVR?
Yes, most patients resume daily activities within a few days to weeks.
